Bone and Joint Disorders Caused by Diabetes

Diabetes is not just about high blood sugar; it has far-reaching effects on different organs and systems of the body. One lesser-known complication is the effect it has on bones and joints. Long-term high sugar levels can damage nerves, blood vessels, muscles, and connective tissues, making bones fragile and joints stiff. This increases the risk of several bone and joint disorders that can impact day-to-day life.

Diabetic Hand Syndrome

Also called Limited Joint Mobility, this condition causes stiffness in the small joints of the hands due to skin thickening. Over time, it may spread to the shoulders, ankles, and feet. While the exact cause is unclear, it is common in long-term diabetics. Managing blood sugar can slow its progress, though full joint movement may not always return.

Charcot’s Joint

Nerve damage from diabetes can sometimes affect the feet, leading to Charcot’s joint. The affected joint becomes red, swollen, and unstable, often looking deformed. While it may not cause severe pain, it can be disabling if left untreated. Keeping blood sugar under control and avoiding weight-bearing stress on the joint are key steps.

Osteoarthritis and Frozen Shoulder

Type 2 diabetics, especially those with obesity, are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, where cartilage breaks down and joints become painful and stiff. Similarly, frozen shoulder is another common issue, marked by shoulder pain and restricted movement due to weakened muscles. Physical therapy and in some cases injections are useful in managing both conditions.

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)

DISH, also called Forestier disease, is linked to the hardening of tendons and ligaments, often in the spine. It leads to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Treatment focuses mainly on pain relief and maintaining flexibility.

Osteoporosis in Diabetes

Osteoporosis makes bones weak and prone to fractures. While more common in Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 patients are also at risk due to poor lifestyle habits. Regular exercise, a nutrient-rich diet, and prescribed supplements help reduce the risk and strengthen bone density.

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