Health and Safety: Asbestos Exposure in Construction

Asbestos Exposure in Construction: What You Need to Know

Asbestos, once hailed as a "miracle material" for its strength and fire resistance, is now known to be one of the most dangerous substances used in the construction industry. Despite being banned in the UK in 1999, asbestos still exists in millions of buildings constructed before that time. For construction workers, particularly those involved in renovation, maintenance, or demolition, the risk of exposure remains significant.

Understanding the risks associated with asbestos, knowing where it may be found, and implementing protective measures are essential for safeguarding health on construction sites.

What Is Asbestos and Why Is It Dangerous?

Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals that were widely used in construction due to their durability, insulation properties, and resistance to heat and chemicals. The most common types used in UK construction include chrysotile (white asbestos), amosite (brown asbestos), and crocidolite (blue asbestos).

When disturbed, asbestos releases microscopic fibres into the air. Inhalation of these fibres can lead to severe and often fatal health conditions, including:

• Asbestosis: A chronic lung disease that causes scarring of lung tissue and difficulty breathing.
  
  

• Mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive cancer that affects the lining of the lungs and abdomen.
  
  

• Lung Cancer: Asbestos exposure significantly increases the risk, especially in smokers.
  
  

• Pleural Thickening: A condition where the lining of the lungs becomes swollen and thickened, causing discomfort and reduced lung function.
  
  

What makes asbestos particularly dangerous is the latency period—symptoms often don’t appear until 20 to 30 years after exposure, making early detection and prevention critical.

Where Asbestos Is Commonly Found in Construction

Despite the UK ban, asbestos remains in countless structures built before 2000. In construction work, it can be hidden in:

• Pipe insulation
  
  

• Floor tiles and adhesives
  
  

• Roofing materials
  
  

• Ceiling panels
  
  

• Spray coatings
  
  

• Cement sheets
  
  

• Textured wall coatings (e.g., Artex)
  
  

Workers engaged in renovations or demolitions are most at risk, as disturbing these materials releases hazardous fibres.

Legal Responsibilities and Risk Assessments

Under the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, it is a legal requirement for employers and duty holders (such as building owners) to:

• Identify asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) before any work begins.
  
  

• Conduct a risk assessment.
  
  

• Provide proper training and PPE to those working around asbestos.
  
  

• Have a clear asbestos management plan in place.
  
  

A competent person must carry out asbestos surveys in areas where work is planned. Failure to comply can lead to serious legal consequences and unnecessary health risks for workers.

How to Protect Workers from Asbestos Exposure

Protecting workers from asbestos involves a combination of awareness, preparation, and strict adherence to safety protocols. Here are the key steps:

1. Conduct Asbestos Surveys

Before any construction or renovation project begins, a Refurbishment and Demolition Survey should be carried out to locate and assess any ACMs.

2. Provide Training

Workers should receive asbestos awareness training, especially those likely to disturb building materials. This ensures they can identify suspicious materials and understand emergency procedures.

3. Use Licensed Professionals

If asbestos removal is required, only HSE-licensed asbestos contractors should perform the work. Improper handling can lead to widespread contamination.

4. Control Dust and Fibres

Use controlled methods such as wetting surfaces and using HEPA-filtered vacuums. Avoid dry sanding, drilling, or breaking asbestos-containing materials without proper precautions.

5. Supply Appropriate PPE

Workers must wear suitable personal protective equipment, including disposable coveralls and a high-grade respirator (e.g., FFP3 mask). PPE must be correctly fitted, used, and disposed of after use.

6. Decontamination and Waste Disposal

Any clothing, tools, and equipment used in asbestos areas must be properly decontaminated or disposed of as hazardous waste. Do not take contaminated PPE off-site.

Raising Awareness Across the UK

Regions like Health and Safety London, Health and Safety Sussex, and Health and Safety Kent have all increased efforts to raise awareness of the dangers of asbestos exposure. Local authorities, safety consultancies, and industry regulators are working closely with contractors to provide better training, on-site support, and resources for compliance.

Why Vigilance Still Matters

Although asbestos is no longer used in modern construction, the danger it poses hasn't gone away. Every time a wall is knocked down, a ceiling removed, or flooring stripped in an older building, there’s a chance of encountering asbestos.

Construction companies must foster a safety culture where identifying and managing asbestos is second nature. This includes constant training, clear communication, and swift reporting when asbestos is suspected.

Final Thoughts

Asbestos exposure continues to be a hidden threat in the construction industry. Workers and employers must understand the risks, follow safety procedures, and remain compliant with regulations. Prevention is the only true cure—once exposed, the effects may be irreversible.

By prioritising health and safety, investing in training, and working with licensed professionals, the construction industry can significantly reduce the risk of asbestos-related diseases and ensure workers return home safe every day.